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Investigators from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) suggests that the TC21 oncogene, a gene precursor of cancer, while ensuring the survival of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell responsible for controlling the defenses pathogens in humans. The work, published in the latest issue of Nature Inmunology concludes that an overactivation of the TC21 gene may be key in the transformation of lymphocytes in cancer cells, making TC21 in a
potential antitumor target.

Lymphocytes are responsible for recognition of pathogenic microorganisms, whether bacteria, parasites or viruses. Succeed thanks to a substance that incorporate these invading microorganisms, antigens that recognize through some housed in its membrane receptor (TCR receptors for the class T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes to BCR).

Investigators from the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) suggests that the TC21 oncogene, a gene precursor of cancer, while ensuring the survival of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell responsible for controlling the defenses pathogens in humans. The work, published in the latest issue of Nature Inmunology concludes that an overactivation of the TC21 gene may be key in the transformation of lymphocytes in cancer cells, making TC21 in a
potential antitumor target.

Lymphocytes are responsible for recognition of pathogenic microorganisms, whether bacteria, parasites or viruses. Succeed thanks to a substance that incorporate these invading microorganisms, antigens that recognize through some housed in its membrane receptor (TCR receptors for the class T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes to BCR).

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) has signed an agreement with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to assist in implementing the Stockholm Convention in developing countries. This international agreement, signed by Spain, seeks to stop the spread of persistent organic pollutants, a group of compounds that include pesticides such as DDT and industrial chemicals. Its extension has significant effects on ecosystems and living beings, including cancer or interference with reproductive capacity.

Specifically, the agreement formalizes the collaboration of scientists from the Laboratory of Dioxins, a facility of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Studies Water Barcelona (CSIC), with the Cuban scientific authorities in the implementation of that agreement.

El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) has signed an agreement with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) to assist in implementing the Stockholm Convention in developing countries. This international agreement, signed by Spain, seeks to stop the spread of persistent organic pollutants, a group of compounds that include pesticides such as DDT and industrial chemicals. Its extension has significant effects on ecosystems and living beings, including cancer or interference with reproductive capacity.

Specifically, the agreement formalizes the collaboration of scientists from the Laboratory of Dioxins, a facility of the Institute of Environmental Assessment and Studies Water Barcelona (CSIC), with the Cuban scientific authorities in the implementation of that agreement.

The present article reviews some of our present understanding of the electromagnetic zero-point (ZP) fields, in particular regarding concepts in thermodynamics related to energy and heat extraction. Topics that will be touched on are (1) the relationship between the ZP fields and the nonzero temperature thermodynamic equilibrium situations, (2) the more general nonequilibrium case, (3) energy and heat extraction, (4) reversible and irreversible thermodynamic operations, (5) the connection of all of these ideas to conventional ideas on thermodynamics, (6) “restraints” on extracting heat and energy from electromagnetic ZP radiation, (7) a brief summary of our present understanding of many of the key properties of electromagnetic ZP fields, and (8) an outlook on making use of the ZP fields for energy extraction. The aim here will be to be fairly qualitative, as a number of articles exist that explain more of the details of these topics.

All of these topics will be treated from the viewpoint that the electromagnetic ZP fields are real. Certainly there are other viewpoints, including Schwinger's source theoretical viewpoint, but these viewpoints are all connected and are presently generally thought to be consistent (Milonni, 1994). Moreover, there are1 “... many observable
consequences of the vacuum field, including spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, the anomalous magnetic moment, van der Waals forces, and the fundamental laser linewidth, all of which may be attributed at least in part to the vacuum field.” The viewpoint that the ZP fields are real certainly makes the thermodynamic discussion much easier and more natural and so shall be followed here.

The present article reviews some of our present understanding of the electromagnetic zero-point (ZP) fields, in particular regarding concepts in thermodynamics related to energy and heat extraction. Topics that will be touched on are (1) the relationship between the ZP fields and the nonzero temperature thermodynamic equilibrium situations, (2) the more general nonequilibrium case, (3) energy and heat extraction, (4) reversible and irreversible thermodynamic operations, (5) the connection of all of these ideas to conventional ideas on thermodynamics, (6) “restraints” on extracting heat and energy from electromagnetic ZP radiation, (7) a brief summary of our present understanding of many of the key properties of electromagnetic ZP fields, and (8) an outlook on making use of the ZP fields for energy extraction. The aim here will be to be fairly qualitative, as a number of articles exist that explain more of the details of these topics.

All of these topics will be treated from the viewpoint that the electromagnetic ZP fields are real. Certainly there are other viewpoints, including Schwinger's source theoretical viewpoint, but these viewpoints are all connected and are presently generally thought to be consistent (Milonni, 1994). Moreover, there are1 “... many observable
consequences of the vacuum field, including spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, the anomalous magnetic moment, van der Waals forces, and the fundamental laser linewidth, all of which may be attributed at least in part to the vacuum field.” The viewpoint that the ZP fields are real certainly makes the thermodynamic discussion much easier and more natural and so shall be followed here.