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Organic species are important constituents of tropospheric particulate matter in remote, rural, and urban areas. Such aerosol can be primary (emitted in the particle phase as solids or liquids) or secondary (formed in situ as condensable vapors) in nature. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed when products resulting from the gas-phase oxidation of a parent organic species partition to the particle phase. This partitioning can occur via condensation onto existing inorganic aerosol (heterogeneous-heteromolecular nucleation), absorption into an existing organic aerosol, dissolution to the aerosol aqueous phase, or homogeneous-heteromolecular nucleation.

SOA yield is defined as the amount of SOA formed per the amount of a parent organic species that is oxidized. This yield depends functionally on stoichiometric and partitioning coefficients for each of the oxidation products formed and the total amount of organic aerosol mass available to act as absorptive media. Appropriate yield parameters are developed for a series of parent organics using smog chamber experiments. The effects of parent organic structure and the oxidizing species on SOA yield are also examined during the smog chamber experiments. Such yield parameters are used to model SOA formation from the oxidation of biogenic organic species on a global and annual scale. Yield parameters can also be used to define a new concept, the incremental aerosol reactivity for parent organic species, which is a convenient way of ranking parent organics in terms of their SOA-forming potentials.

Organic species are important constituents of tropospheric particulate matter in remote, rural, and urban areas. Such aerosol can be primary (emitted in the particle phase as solids or liquids) or secondary (formed in situ as condensable vapors) in nature. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is formed when products resulting from the gas-phase oxidation of a parent organic species partition to the particle phase. This partitioning can occur via condensation onto existing inorganic aerosol (heterogeneous-heteromolecular nucleation), absorption into an existing organic aerosol, dissolution to the aerosol aqueous phase, or homogeneous-heteromolecular nucleation.

SOA yield is defined as the amount of SOA formed per the amount of a parent organic species that is oxidized. This yield depends functionally on stoichiometric and partitioning coefficients for each of the oxidation products formed and the total amount of organic aerosol mass available to act as absorptive media. Appropriate yield parameters are developed for a series of parent organics using smog chamber experiments. The effects of parent organic structure and the oxidizing species on SOA yield are also examined during the smog chamber experiments. Such yield parameters are used to model SOA formation from the oxidation of biogenic organic species on a global and annual scale. Yield parameters can also be used to define a new concept, the incremental aerosol reactivity for parent organic species, which is a convenient way of ranking parent organics in terms of their SOA-forming potentials.

A constitutive model was developed for the description of the viscoelastic (time-dependent) behavior of soft rubberlike materials in moderately large deformations. The model assumes that time shift invariance is preserved in such deformations. Hence, the Boltzmann superposition integral remains valid and time-dependent behavior can be described by incorporating a nonlinear stress-strain law into it. The elastic potential of Blatz, Sharda, and Tschoegl, which is based on a generalized measure of strain, was used for this purpose.

A constitutive model was developed for the description of the viscoelastic (time-dependent) behavior of soft rubberlike materials in moderately large deformations. The model assumes that time shift invariance is preserved in such deformations. Hence, the Boltzmann superposition integral remains valid and time-dependent behavior can be described by incorporating a nonlinear stress-strain law into it. The elastic potential of Blatz, Sharda, and Tschoegl, which is based on a generalized measure of strain, was used for this purpose.

Whether from the academic, political speeches or the media, the phenomenon of global warming has become the great protagonist of the international problem of pollution of the environment. The authors are students of the career BA in Economics from the Universidad Nacional del Sur (Bahía Blanca, Argentina), and recently we were looking for information about treating the problem of global warming mitigation policies that developing countries, like ours, are carrying out. Specifically, our work focused on trying to understand the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), as well as the market for CERs (Certificates of Emissions Reduction). The CDM is one of three international mechanisms framed in the so-called Kyoto Protocol "flexibility mechanisms", which aims to enable countries who took on obligations to reduce GHG (greenhouse gases), compliance with same minimum cost.

We think there may be pieces of work that may be of interest to readers of this page, so I decided to contact and make our contribution. We also hope to continue learning through the participation of users linked to the subject matter, I await their contributions both in the theoretical and scientific, as well as your opinions. We believe that diversity of views is very rewarding when discussing these critical issues that are raised throughout the work.

Whether from the academic, political speeches or the media, the phenomenon of global warming has become the great protagonist of the international problem of pollution of the environment. The authors are students of the career BA in Economics from the Universidad Nacional del Sur (Bahía Blanca, Argentina), and recently we were looking for information about treating the problem of global warming mitigation policies that developing countries, like ours, are carrying out. Specifically, our work focused on trying to understand the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), as well as the market for CERs (Certificates of Emissions Reduction). The CDM is one of three international mechanisms framed in the so-called Kyoto Protocol "flexibility mechanisms", which aims to enable countries who took on obligations to reduce GHG (greenhouse gases), compliance with same minimum cost.

We think there may be pieces of work that may be of interest to readers of this page, so I decided to contact and make our contribution. We also hope to continue learning through the participation of users linked to the subject matter, I await their contributions both in the theoretical and scientific, as well as your opinions. We believe that diversity of views is very rewarding when discussing these critical issues that are raised throughout the work.