Chemical Engineering @ChemengFiles.Com

Today’s process and heating applications continue to be powered by steam and hot water. The mainstay technology for generating heating or process energy is the packaged firetube boiler. The packaged firetube boiler has proven to be highly efficient and cost effective in generating energy for process and heating applications.

Conducting a thorough evaluation of boiler equipment requires review of boiler type, feature and benefit comparison, maintenance equirements and fuel usage requirements. Of these evaluation criteria, a key factor is fuel usage or boiler efficiency.

Boiler efficiency, in the simplest terms, represents the difference between the energy input and energy output. A typical boiler will consume many times the initial capital expense in fuel usage annually. Consequently, a difference of just a few percentage points in boiler efficiency between units can translate into substantial savings. The efficiency data used for comparison between boilers must be based on proven performance to produce an accurate comparison of fuel usage. However, over the years, efficiency has been represented in confusing terms or in ways where the efficiency value did not accurately represent proven fuel usage values. Sometimes the representation of “boiler efficiency” does not truly represent the comparison of energy input and energy output of the equipment.

This Efficiency Facts Booklet is designed to clearly define boiler efficiency. It will also give you the background in efficiency needed to ask the key questions when evaluating efficiency data, and provide you with the tools necessary to accurately compare fuel usage of boiler products, specifically firetube type boilers.

Remember, the initial cost of a boiler is the lowest portion of your boiler investment. Fuel costs and maintenance costs represent the largest portion of your boiler equipment investment. Not all boilers are created equal. Some basic design differences can reveal variations in expected efficiency performance levels. Evaluating these design differences can provide insight into what efficiency value and resulting operating costs you can expect. However, every boiler operates under the same fundamental thermodynamic principles. Therefore, a maximum theoretical efficiency can be calculated for a given boiler design. The maximum value represents the highest available efficiency of the unit.
If you are evaluating a boiler where the stated efficiencies are higher than the theoretical efficiency value, watch out! The efficiency value you are utilizing may not truly represent the fuel usage of the unit.

Today’s process and heating applications continue to be powered by steam and hot water. The mainstay technology for generating heating or process energy is the packaged firetube boiler. The packaged firetube boiler has proven to be highly efficient and cost effective in generating energy for process and heating applications.

Conducting a thorough evaluation of boiler equipment requires review of boiler type, feature and benefit comparison, maintenance equirements and fuel usage requirements. Of these evaluation criteria, a key factor is fuel usage or boiler efficiency.

Boiler efficiency, in the simplest terms, represents the difference between the energy input and energy output. A typical boiler will consume many times the initial capital expense in fuel usage annually. Consequently, a difference of just a few percentage points in boiler efficiency between units can translate into substantial savings. The efficiency data used for comparison between boilers must be based on proven performance to produce an accurate comparison of fuel usage. However, over the years, efficiency has been represented in confusing terms or in ways where the efficiency value did not accurately represent proven fuel usage values. Sometimes the representation of “boiler efficiency” does not truly represent the comparison of energy input and energy output of the equipment.

This Efficiency Facts Booklet is designed to clearly define boiler efficiency. It will also give you the background in efficiency needed to ask the key questions when evaluating efficiency data, and provide you with the tools necessary to accurately compare fuel usage of boiler products, specifically firetube type boilers.

Remember, the initial cost of a boiler is the lowest portion of your boiler investment. Fuel costs and maintenance costs represent the largest portion of your boiler equipment investment. Not all boilers are created equal. Some basic design differences can reveal variations in expected efficiency performance levels. Evaluating these design differences can provide insight into what efficiency value and resulting operating costs you can expect. However, every boiler operates under the same fundamental thermodynamic principles. Therefore, a maximum theoretical efficiency can be calculated for a given boiler design. The maximum value represents the highest available efficiency of the unit.
If you are evaluating a boiler where the stated efficiencies are higher than the theoretical efficiency value, watch out! The efficiency value you are utilizing may not truly represent the fuel usage of the unit.

The photovoltaic industry is experiencing a period of strong growth despite the current economic crisis. The challenge for leaders in this industry is to continue to lower manufacturing costs as well as develop more efficient processes, in order to resist strong pressure on prices. As the industry becomes more global and innovative, new key players in the market, particularly cells that produce crystalline silicon (c-Si) and new more efficient thin film cells. This will allow manufacturers of photovoltaic cells to achieve comparable cost to potentially fossil energy sources.

Air Liquide strengthens its leading position in gas and services in the photovoltaic industry: more than half of the 10 major manufacturers of crystalline silicon solar cells, and over 40% of the factories of thin film solar cells the world are already customers of Air Liquide.

The photovoltaic industry is experiencing a period of strong growth despite the current economic crisis. The challenge for leaders in this industry is to continue to lower manufacturing costs as well as develop more efficient processes, in order to resist strong pressure on prices. As the industry becomes more global and innovative, new key players in the market, particularly cells that produce crystalline silicon (c-Si) and new more efficient thin film cells. This will allow manufacturers of photovoltaic cells to achieve comparable cost to potentially fossil energy sources.

Air Liquide strengthens its leading position in gas and services in the photovoltaic industry: more than half of the 10 major manufacturers of crystalline silicon solar cells, and over 40% of the factories of thin film solar cells the world are already customers of Air Liquide.

Ammonia and urea are two chemicals which are very important. This article covers a process used by Petrochem in Kapuni, South Taranaki, to synthesise ammonia from natural gas and air, then synthesise urea from this ammonia and carbon dioxide.

As has been stated above, most of the ammonia is used on site in the production of urea. The remainder is sold domestically for use in industrial refrigeration systems and other applications that require anhydrous ammonia. The urea is used as a nitrogen-rich fertiliser, and as such is of great importance in agriculture, one of New Zealand's major industries. It is also used as a component in the manufacture of resins for timber processing and in yeast manufacture.

Ammonia and urea are two chemicals which are very important. This article covers a process used by Petrochem in Kapuni, South Taranaki, to synthesise ammonia from natural gas and air, then synthesise urea from this ammonia and carbon dioxide.

As has been stated above, most of the ammonia is used on site in the production of urea. The remainder is sold domestically for use in industrial refrigeration systems and other applications that require anhydrous ammonia. The urea is used as a nitrogen-rich fertiliser, and as such is of great importance in agriculture, one of New Zealand's major industries. It is also used as a component in the manufacture of resins for timber processing and in yeast manufacture.