Chemical Engineering @ChemengFiles.Com

Do you know how many people currently live without access to quality water source? About 2,000 million people, representing about one third of total world population. For this reason, die every day around 25,000 people (mostly children).

To provide a solution in this field, the various governments and specialists in the field (scientists and researchers) are seeking effective solutions for water treatment that may end once this problem. However, most of the techniques we discovered and currently in use (to carry drinking water to regions that are not reached) consume large amounts of energy or chemical use clean drinking water, which often end up polluting more than pure. Moreover, the methods discovered a large investment needed to build and implement the necessary machines.

Now we consider the following: what is the main water reservoir that has always had, and still remain human? The answer is simple: the salt water of our seas (which accounts for 97% of global water resources). Well, it seems logical that the solution should have some relationship with the future use of that water. While the human body is not prepared to endure such great dose of saline, science advanced enough to achieve a treatment that allows saltwater drinkable.

Among the techniques that were discovered in the past, given the distillation. Through this system, fresh water is recovered through the evaporation-condensation process. The problem with this method is that it requires much energy to apply.

But there a new way that scientists have recently discovered, and promises to be much more effective and economical. This is reverse osmosis. In this method uses a semipermeable membrane to separate salt from water. That is, the membrane contains a few tiny pores that allow passage of salt.

Another modern technique, widely used in European countries and cities in the world, is the collection, treatment, and subsequent use of rainwater. Some also treat wastewater for reuse later. However, these systems should focus on the decontamination of water (albeit sweet). Freedom from pathogens in the fluid is a major challenge for those responsible for carrying out treatment of water.