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Reverse osmosis is a water treatment from molecular membranes which removes all types of substances which may have the liquid, which after filtering only pure water is produced. The system is used in many processes involved in many industries.

Although currently being used mainly for potablización water, reverse osmosis arose from the 50s in the industrial world, and their uses have diversified over time to cover large areas. This arises from the benefits gained in applying it, because it removes dissolved solids and microorganisms in water by 99 percent and its operation is simple and requires no major maintenance.

In relation to water is treated to produce demineralized water, along with a water softening process, and the production of ultra pure water, ie without biomass of any kind.

One area of increased use of reverse osmosis is the food industry. The procedure is applied to achieve concentration of juice lots of fruit, to remove the alcohol content of beer and wine. It is also applied to treat wastewater from the manufacture of coffee, chocolate, sweets and fish.

Furthermore, the treatment of water is critical for control of pollution in the production of various materials and recover items that would otherwise be lost. This is the case of production of catalytic converters for cars that are made from a composite created using aluminum, cerium and nickel. As a result of the manufacturing process produces a slurry, which is ultrafiltered, thereby reducing the 50 percent solids. It is then filtered through reverse osmosis, thereby recovering the water used.

This same treatment is applied to the textile after dyeing of genres. With reverse osmosis is achieved by 95 percent rescue of chemicals and 99 percent of the wastewater. Similarly filtration is applied across membranes in the production of photographic paper. The system requires large amounts of water and silver, to which they can be retrieved through reverse osmosis treatment of dithionite and a final spin.